Articles on data analysis and statistics in MQL5

We consider a BAS+PSO (BSO) hybrid, where BAS provides a local direction signal and PSO facilitates the exchange of best solutions within the swarm. The article presents a mathematical model, pseudocode, an implementation of the class in MQL5, and test results from a standard test bench. This material allows reproducing the algorithm, configuring its parameters, and understanding how three objective-function evaluations per iteration affect efficiency.

In the previous article, we configured the indicator to display the financial result. However, not everyone likes using this display mode. The reasons differ from one trader to another, although in some cases they seem quite reasonable and justified to me. Adapting the code to provide this capability is by no means one of the most difficult tasks. It's actually pretty simple. In this article, we'll look at how to do this.

In today's article we will begin studying the use of SQL in MQL5 code. We will also look at how to create a database. Or, more precisely, how to create a SQLite database file using the features built into MQL5. We will also see how to create a table, and then how to establish a relationship between tables by using primary and foreign keys. All of this, once again, will be done with MQL5. We will see how easy it is to create code that can later be migrated to other SQL implementations by using a class that helps hide the implementation being created. And, most importantly, we will see that at various points we may face the risk that something will go wrong when using SQL. This happens because, in MQL5 code, SQL code will always be placed inside a string.

This article builds a constant-memory EW covariance engine and a chart heatmap for monitoring cross-symbol correlations in MQL5. CEWCovariance updates in O(N²) time per bar and exposes covariance/correlation accessors; CHeatmapRenderer shows a five‑symbol matrix with values and colors. You will learn λ-to‑window mapping, how to set a meaningful min_obs warm‑up, and how to size the variance guard epsilon for real FX M1 data.

This article builds the Spectrum Fitter: from tau(q) we compute f(alpha) with a discrete Legendre transform, then fit Normal, Binomial, Poisson, and Gamma spectra under box constraints using BLEIC. The best model by SSE is selected, and its parameters (eg, alpha min, alpha max or alpha_0, gamma) become the cascade inputs for multifractal simulation.

This article delivers active drawdown monitoring, automated mitigation rules, Excel XML data export, and AI-assisted review for the Portfolio Analyzer dashboard. It visualizes strategy-level drawdowns over time, enforces limits by closing positions and optionally disabling AutoTrading, and generates structured spreadsheets from trade records. A hybrid MQL5-Python approach runs the external review script directly from the terminal, supporting practical risk control and transparent reporting.

We examine how a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) estimates latent market regimes while basing on observable price and indicator sequences. This is done by estimating the probability of state transitions. A Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) network models time dependencies and keeps important information over several observations. In an Expert Advisor, HMM-based regime probabilities, can be merged with GRU-based sequence learning to better classify increments in accumulation, distribution, and momentum prior to their showing up in regular price confirmations.

This article presents a custom MetaTrader 5 indicator that computes a rolling annualized Sharpe ratio and plots configurable z-score significance bands based on Lo's asymptotic standard error. It uses a circular return buffer with incremental variance to keep O(1) updates. We explain the n^(-1/2) uncertainty scaling, the inflation of intervals at high Sharpe values, and how to set per-instrument annualization for correct deployment.

Financing drives multi‑day index‑CFD results: in one full‑history test, swap consumed 44% of gross profit and all profit on one symbol. We convert swaps to annualized rates, contrast four brokers and two financing models with a read‑only script, and quantify a Strategy Tester issue where a single current swap is used for all history, inflating implied rates by up to seven times. The piece provides a repeatable cost‑audit method.

The article shows how to build an MQL5 EA that writes every deal to an SQLite database the moment it appears, using the built-in Database API as the SQLite bridge. It implements an event data model, a prepared INSERT workflow reused across calls, session-safe recovery after restarts, and deal detection via OnTrade(). You can open the resulting file with any SQLite client to run queries for analysis and reporting.

The article proposes a hybrid approach to algorithmic trading based on quantum encoding of market states, Double DQN with a prioritized experience replay buffer, and an LLM acting as a contextual EA. The SEAL methodology enables asynchronous continued training of the agent without halting trading. A lightweight Q-learning filter (USE/SKIP/REDUCE) controls signal execution at the meta-level. Practical details are provided on integrating the system with the MetaTrader 5 trading platform, along with a scheme for adapting it to market regime shifts.

The article examines the practical application of finite differences in trading: types of differences, their relationship to price dynamics, and the binomial transform for noise filtering. The rules for encoding patterns based on difference levels and the application of these patterns to forecasting are described. This section presents naive, adaptive, and probabilistic approaches that help smooth time series, identify recurring patterns, and estimate future movements.

We implement the CMonteCarlo module that turns the fitted MMAR parameters into a volatility forecast via Monte Carlo. It runs N independent simulations over a chosen horizon and reports mean, median, standard deviation, and a percentile-based 95% confidence interval, with access to per-run values if needed. Adaptive cascade depth selects the minimal k such that b^k covers the horizon, keeping the run fast and consistent.

The article discusses the Colliding Bodies Optimization (CBO) algorithm, which is based on the physics of one-dimensional collisions between bodies. The basic version of the algorithm does not include any configurable parameters, which makes it simple. Therefore, the enhanced ECBO version — supplemented with Colliding Memory and a crossover mechanism — was used as the basis for the implementation, allowing the algorithm to achieve respectable results and earn a place in the ranking table.

The article implements intrinsic-time analysis in MQL5: an event-based directional-change operator that splits ticks into directional-change and overshoot sections. We reproduce the core scaling laws on 17.8 million live EUR/USD ticks and compare them to a random-walk baseline. Finally, we build a hedging-account Expert Advisor that trades the Alpha Engine with limit orders, detailing thresholds, inventory skew, and liquidity control for practical reuse.