Articles on data analysis and statistics in MQL5

The framework evaluates boundary sensitivity by rebuilding shifted target-timeframe bars from completed M1 sources and running one Strategy Tester pass for each boundary offset. It includes a ShiftedBarBuilder, a demonstration EA, and a deterministic self-test. An XAUUSD M15 case study reports net profit, Profit Factor, maximum relative equity drawdown, and total trades across all 15 offsets to quantify dependence on the bar grid.

We implement the Harris Hawks Optimization algorithm in MQL5 and analyze five movement modes of agents controlled by a single parameter — the decaying escape energy E. The C_AO_HHO class is introduced; it is compatible with the unified test bench and features a reproducible implementation of Lévy flight. The algorithm was tested on the Hilly, Forest, and Megacity functions with 5, 25, and 500 coordinates — the results indicate anomalous behavior.

The article builds an Ollivier–Ricci curvature library in MQL5 for multi‑symbol analysis. A basket becomes a correlation network, and the reading captures network geometry rather than correlation level. It includes an exact optimal transport solver with an internal certificate, a rolling fragility metric with two informative nulls, an indicator that plots the reading against its null band, and a demonstration expert that uses it as a risk gate.

This work adds an explainable validation module to the recording toolkit for double bottoms. It finds and filters swing lows, selects the neckline, quantifies depth, low similarity, symmetry and recovery, and assigns a rule-based status and scores accepted pairs. The settings are configurable, the process is reproducible, and the original sample data remains intact for comparison across rule sets.

This article explains how to use the Z-Score to quantify price deviations in standard deviations and apply the concept in MQL5. We cover the calculation, interpretation across market regimes, and the implementation of a custom indicator and three trading strategies as Expert Advisors. Readers get complete code examples and a testing workflow, plus practical notes on lookback selection, fat tails, execution timing, and risk controls.

This article presents a full MQL5 pipeline for Toeplitz Inverse Covariance Clustering: stacked observations, ADMM‑based graphical lasso with block‑Toeplitz constraints, and dynamic‑programming regime assignment. It separates structure from volatility and conditions away the shared USD leg. The fitted regimes are displayed causally as a non-repainting ribbon with a dependency graph for the active state.

We are developing and implementing the Flock by Leader algorithm in MQL5: sub-flocks are formed based on the ARF metric, and the leader is determined by the highest personal best rather than by the centroid's position. We present the update formulas for the swarm roles and the separation mechanism. The C_AO_FBL class is compatible with the test bench and has been tested on the Hilly, Forest, and Megacity functions with dimensionalities from 10 to 1000 coordinates, which simplifies reproduction and comparison.

A Sharpe ratio read off the best of many optimization runs is not the number it looks like. This article ships a reusable native CDeflatedSharpe class that turns a raw Sharpe into an honest confidence statement. The Probabilistic Sharpe Ratio corrects it for sample length and for skew and kurtosis; the Deflated Sharpe Ratio adds the correction almost nobody applies, for the number of variants you tried before keeping the best. Everything is from scratch, the sample moments, the normal CDF and its inverse included, so there is no Python, no DLL and no library. On a real sweep of 56 moving-average variants on XAUUSD the winner looked significant at 98.5 percent by PSR, then fell to 90.6 percent once the 56 trials were admitted, below the usual bar. That gap is the selection bias, made measurable.

The article describes the transition from four-voice debates to the Council of Fifteen: ten analysts, four independent risk managers, and a Chair, with strict voting rules. It examines the roles of the participants, the three-phase architecture, and the parallel execution of a full cycle in 10–15 seconds. It shows the operational log, the risk-gate rules, and backward compatibility so you can quickly connect the system to an Expert Advisor.

We implement Symbolic Fourier Approximation in MQL5 and compare it to SAX under a shared harness on identical price windows. SFA keeps low‑frequency Fourier coefficients and learns per‑position bins (MCB), with a proven, sound lower bound. The measurements show how the same bit budget behaves under different splits of word length and alphabet, and give a practical rule for choosing settings for your symbol.

The article presents a compact dashboard that relates trade duration to net profit using MQL5 and CCanvas. It pulls closed deals, derives duration in minutes, and renders a log‑scaled scatter by symbol, with an overlaid least‑squares line and R². A bucketed duration view identifies which hold‑time range produced the highest average result, helping assess exit timing.

The article implements intrinsic-time analysis in MQL5: an event-based directional-change operator that splits ticks into directional-change and overshoot sections. We reproduce the core scaling laws on 17.8 million live EUR/USD ticks and compare them to a random-walk baseline. Finally, we build a hedging-account Expert Advisor that trades the Alpha Engine with limit orders, detailing thresholds, inventory skew, and liquidity control for practical reuse.

The study implements five historical-variance estimators in MQL5 and evaluates their one-session-ahead persistence forecasts for EURUSD D1 sessions using an M1 realized-variance proxy. Deterministic tests cover formulas, chronological order, and target construction. A configurable indicator, comparison scripts, and CSV outputs provide reproducible losses, calibration diagnostics, a common‑target mask, and sensitivity to the estimation window.

A modular MQL5 toolkit computes and visualizes rolling Profit Factor over fixed trade-count windows. It presents the statistical motivation, an incremental algorithm that avoids recomputation, and a dedicated CCanvas rendering pipeline. The dashboard adds reference lines, shading for weak periods, and summary metrics, while a separate test suite validates the math, giving a practical way to monitor stability and detect deterioration in strategy behavior.

This article reframes performance from unconditional win rate to conditional probability given survival time. It introduces an MQL5 library, an on‑chart indicator, and a demo Expert Advisor that read deal history, fit Kaplan–Meier and Aalen–Johansen curves with competing risks, and report forward probabilities over a bar‑based horizon. Readers gain a reproducible way to quantify the chance that the current position reaches its target or stop, and to see the bias of the naive censoring approach.