Neural networks made easy (Part 69): Density-based support constraint for the behavioral policy (SPOT)
In offline learning, we use a fixed dataset, which limits the coverage of environmental diversity. During the learning process, our Agent can generate actions beyond this dataset. If there is no feedback from the environment, how can we be sure that the assessments of such actions are correct? Maintaining the Agent's policy within the training dataset becomes an important aspect to ensure the reliability of training. This is what we will talk about in this article.
Custom Debugging and Profiling Tools for MQL5 Development (Part II): Profiling EAs and Testing Trading Logic
We build a compact profiler that records calls, min/max/average times, and slow-call counts to CSV, and a simple test runner that writes deterministic pass/fail reports. The article explains where to place measurements in an EA, how to sample ticks, and how to keep pure calculations testable. Running the script first and the profiling EA second provides repeatable evidence for regression analysis.
Modular Indicator Architecture in MQL5 (Part 1): Stop Copy-Pasting and Start Writing Scalable, Reusable Code
This article develops an object-oriented framework for MQL5 indicators by evolving a primitive example into reusable modules. It formalizes partial buffer recalculation in OnCalculate, moves logic into header-based classes (CAppliedPrice, CSma), and introduces CSubIndiBase, CIndicatorBase, and a registry to centralize requirements. You get portable components, isolated inputs, and clean buffers with minimal boilerplate, making new indicators faster to assemble and easier to maintain.
Training Neural Networks on Oscillators Without Look-Ahead Bias
The article describes an approach to trade labeling using oscillators for machine learning models. This eliminates look-ahead bias. It has been shown that this type of labeling does not lead to model overfitting, and the strategies continue to perform well over the long term.
Market Simulation (Part 12): Sockets (VI)
In this article, we will look at how to solve certain problems and issues that arise when using Python code within other programs. More specifically, we will demonstrate a common issue encountered when using Excel in conjunction with MetaTrader 5, although we will be using Python to facilitate this interaction. However, this implementation has a minor drawback. It does not occur in all cases, but only in certain specific situations. When it does happen, it is necessary to understand the cause. In today’s article, we will begin explaining how to resolve this issue.
Exploring Regression Models for Causal Inference and Trading
The article explores the possibility of using regression models in algorithmic trading. Regression models, unlike binary classification, allow for the creation of more flexible trading strategies by quantifying predicted price changes.
Developing a Replay System (Part 45): Chart Trade Project (IV)
The main purpose of this article is to introduce and explain the C_ChartFloatingRAD class. We have a Chart Trade indicator that works in a rather interesting way. As you may have noticed, we still have a fairly small number of objects on the chart, and yet we get the expected functionality. The values present in the indicator can be edited. The question is, how is this possible? This article will start to make things clearer.
Atmosphere Clouds Model Optimization (ACMO): Practice
In this article, we will continue diving into the implementation of the ACMO (Atmospheric Cloud Model Optimization) algorithm. In particular, we will discuss two key aspects: the movement of clouds into low-pressure regions and the rain simulation, including the initialization of droplets and their distribution among clouds. We will also look at other methods that play an important role in managing the state of clouds and ensuring their interaction with the environment.
A feature selection algorithm using energy based learning in pure MQL5
In this article we present the implementation of a feature selection algorithm described in an academic paper titled,"FREL: A stable feature selection algorithm", called Feature weighting as regularized energy based learning.
Feature selection and dimensionality reduction using principal components
The article delves into the implementation of a modified Forward Selection Component Analysis algorithm, drawing inspiration from the research presented in “Forward Selection Component Analysis: Algorithms and Applications” by Luca Puggini and Sean McLoone.
Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps in an MQL5 Expert Advisor
Kohonen's self-organizing maps transform the chaos of market data into an ordered two-dimensional map, where similar patterns are grouped together. The article demonstrates a complete implementation of a SOM in an MQL5 Expert Advisor with 400 neurons and continuous learning. We break down the Best Matching Unit search algorithm, weight updates using a Gaussian neighborhood function, integration with quantum effects, and the generation of trading signals. The code is open-source, the math is clear, and the results are verifiable.
MQL5 Trading Tools (Part 30): Class-Based Tool Palette Sidebar
We refactor the Tools Palette from a flat, function-based panel into a modular, class-driven sidebar in MQL5. The design introduces supersampled canvas rendering for anti-aliased shapes, theme control, a category registry, snap alignment, and selective corner rounding. The result is a reusable, scalable sidebar foundation that you can extend with tool selection, dragging, and fly-out menus in future steps.
Adaptive Social Behavior Optimization (ASBO): Two-phase evolution
We continue dwelling on the topic of social behavior of living organisms and its impact on the development of a new mathematical model - ASBO (Adaptive Social Behavior Optimization). We will dive into the two-phase evolution, test the algorithm and draw conclusions. Just as in nature a group of living organisms join their efforts to survive, ASBO uses principles of collective behavior to solve complex optimization problems.
Broker Reality Check (Part 1): Why Your EA Works on a Demo and Breaks on a Client's Broker
Your Expert Advisor runs clean on your demo, then throws errors on a client's broker and quietly stops trading - and the code never changed. What changed is the broker's rulebook. This first article of the Broker Reality Check series builds a diagnostic EA that reads every relevant symbol trading condition - filling policy, stops and freeze levels, volume step, trade mode, swap and the triple-swap day - and flags the ones that silently break EAs, in plain language. It shows a green/amber/red panel, prints a report and dumps every Market Watch symbol to CSV, so you see why an OrderSend fails (10030, invalid stops, invalid volume) before it costs you a trade.
Neural Networks in Trading: Probabilistic Time Series Forecasting (K2VAE)
We invite you to explore the original implementation of the K²VAE framework — a flexible model capable of linearly approximating complex dynamics in latent space. This article demonstrates how to implement key components in MQL5, including parameterized matrices and how to manage them outside standard neural network layers. This material will be useful for anyone looking for a practical approach to building interpretable time-series models.
Building a Future Swing Projection Indicator in MQL5
We implement a Future Swing Projection indicator in MQL5 that analyzes historical swing structure and estimates the next move from recent price behavior. It locates six alternating swing points, measures five completed legs, and uses their average distance to project a target five bars ahead. The indicator draws swing legs, a projection line, ATR‑based support and resistance zones, and a label with the projected price to keep the process rule‑based and reproducible.
Neural Networks in Trading: Time Series Forecasting Using Adaptive Modal Decomposition (Final Part)
The article discusses the adaptation and practical implementation of the ACEFormer framework using MQL5 in the context of algorithmic trading. It presents key architectural decisions, training features, and model testing results on real data.
Dingo Optimization Algorithm (DOA)
The article presents a new metaheuristic method based on the hunting strategies of Australian dingoes: group attack, chase, and scavenging. Let's see how the Dingo Optimization Algorithm (DOA) performs algorithmically.
Developing a Terminal Manager (Part 3): Getting Account Information and Adding Configuration
We are adding to our web application the ability to retrieve and display information about the terminal instances’ trading accounts, including balance, profit, connection status, and other important details. We will also implement a flexible configuration system that lets you manage application settings via an external JSON file, and improve the user interface of the main page.
Beyond the Clock (Part 4): Efficacy of Bars on Trending and Mean-Reversion Strategies
Does better return conditioning buy strategy performance? We hold bar count fixed across time, tick, tick-imbalance, and tick-runs on 60.5 million EURUSD ticks, then meta-label RSI, Bollinger, and ADX/DI entries and score with purged cross-validation. No family delivers a consistent edge; efficacy varies narrowly and the best case fails a permutation test. Readers learn how to control overlap, leakage, and multiple testing in bar studies.
Developing a Replay System (Part 55): Control Module
In this article, we will implement a control indicator so that it can be integrated into the message system we are developing. Although it is not very difficult, there are some details that need to be understood about the initialization of this module. The material presented here is for educational purposes only. In no way should it be considered as an application for any purpose other than learning and mastering the concepts shown.
Mastering Log Records (Part 2): Formatting Logs
In this article, we will explore how to create and apply log formatters in the library. We will see everything from the basic structure of a formatter to practical implementation examples. By the end, you will have the necessary knowledge to format logs within the library, and understand how everything works behind the scenes.
MQL5 Trading Tools (Part 18): Rounded Speech Bubbles/Balloons with Orientation Control
This article shows how to build rounded speech bubbles in MQL5 by combining a rounded rectangle with a pointer triangle and controlling orientation (up, down, left, right). It details geometry precomputation, supersampled filling, rounded apex arcs, and segmented borders with an extension ratio for seamless joins. Readers get configurable code for size, radii, colors, opacity, and thickness, ready for alerts or tooltips in trading interfaces.
Developing a Replay System (Part 35): Making Adjustments (I)
Before we can move forward, we need to fix a few things. These are not actually the necessary fixes but rather improvements to the way the class is managed and used. The reason is that failures occurred due to some interaction within the system. Despite attempts to find out the cause of such failures in order to eliminate them, all these attempts were unsuccessful. Some of these cases make no sense, for example, when we use pointers or recursion in C/C++, the program crashes.
Determining Fair Exchange Rates Using PPP and IMF Data
Building a purchasing power parity (PPP)-based exchange rate analysis system using Python. The author developed an algorithm with 5 methods for calculating fair exchange rates using IMF data. A practical guide to fundamental currency analysis, economic data processing, and integration with trading systems. Full code in open source.
Stepwise feature selection in MQL5
In this article, we introduce a modified version of stepwise feature selection, implemented in MQL5. This approach is based on the techniques outlined in Modern Data Mining Algorithms in C++ and CUDA C by Timothy Masters.
Market Microstructure in MQL5 (Part 2): Measuring long memory in MQL5 with Hurst estimators
Part 2 focuses on practical long-memory detection for intraday data. Three complementary Hurst estimators are implemented and combined into a confidence‑weighted composite, with confidence tied to valid regression scales. The final H and confidence populate the shared analysis struct, enabling indicators to act only when H departs from the neutral 0.40–0.60 band and to select trend‑following above 0.60 or mean‑reversion below 0.40.
The Avellaneda-Stoikov Model: Inventory-Aware Quoting for Two-Sided Strategies
This article builds the Avellaneda–Stoikov formulas in MQL5, feeds them with rolling estimates of mid-price volatility and a proxy for order-flow intensity, and plots the reservation price with bid and ask in real time. A bar-by-bar simulation contrasts adaptive and fixed quoting under the same fill rules. The result is a tested class, an indicator, and a backtest to improve inventory control in two‑sided strategies.
The case for using Hospital-Performance Data with Perceptrons, this Q4, in weighing SPDR XLV's next Performance
XLV is SPDR healthcare ETF and in an age where it is common to be bombarded by a wide array of traditional news items plus social media feeds, it can be pressing to select a data set for use with a model. We try to tackle this problem for this ETF by sizing up some of its critical data sets in MQL5.
Neural Networks in Trading: An Intelligent Forecast Pipeline (Time-MoE)
We invite you to explore the modern Time-MoE framework, which has been adapted for time series forecasting tasks. In this article, we will implement the key components of the architecture step by step, providing explanations and practical examples along the way. This approach will allow you not only to understand how the model works, but also to apply those principles to real-world trading scenarios.
Reimagining Classic Strategies (Part VII) : Forex Markets And Sovereign Debt Analysis on the USDJPY
In today's article, we will analyze the relationship between future exchange rates and government bonds. Bonds are among the most popular forms of fixed income securities and will be the focus of our discussion.Join us as we explore whether we can improve a classic strategy using AI.
Decoding Market Intent: Reading Structure, Liquidity, and Price Behavior
We implement a five-stage MQL5 pipeline that quantifies market structure, liquidity interaction, and price behavior on four timeframes, then resolves them into a 0–100 Market Intent Score. Decision states (WAIT/WATCH/ACTION) are driven by explicit weights plus hard gates. The analytical core feeds a concise dashboard and, when AutoTrade is on, an execution layer with entry zones, invalidation and liquidity‑based targets.
Beyond GARCH (Part II): Measuring the Fractal Dimension of Markets
Building on the partition function analysis from Part 1, this article deepens the theoretical foundation before completing the analytical pipeline. We first give a full treatment of the Hurst exponent: what it measures, what it implies about market memory, and why it matters for the MMAR. This is followed by an intuitive exploration of multifractal spectra and what f(α) reveals about volatility heterogeneity. We then move to implementation: extracting the scaling function τ(q), estimating H via R/S analysis, and fitting the multifractal spectrum across four candidate distributions. By the end, we have the complete parameter set needed to construct the MMAR process in Part 3. Part 2 of an eight-part series.
Feature Engineering for ML (Part 6): Microstructural Features in MQL5
The article introduces CMicrostructureFeatures, an MQL5 class for bar‑level microstructure features: Roll spread/impact, Corwin‑Schultz spread and sigma, Kyle's Lambda, Amihud's ILLIQ, and Hasbrouck's Lambda. Calculations rely solely on OHLCV using rolling windows. It clarifies the implications of MT5 tick volume for lambda estimators and keeps spread estimators volume‑independent. A validation script asserts sizing and basic bounds on outputs.
Implementing a Daily Loss Limit and Drawdown Circuit Breaker in MQL5
This article presents a circuit breaker for MQL5 that monitors combined daily P&L (realized plus floating) on every tick and compares it to a configured loss limit. On breach, it closes positions, cancels pending orders, and activates a HALTED state that blocks further order submission in the EA until server‑time midnight. The package provides a chart dashboard, a demo Expert Advisor, a verification script, and notes on extending the halt signal across EAs.
Beyond GARCH (Part I): Mandelbrot's MMAR versus Engle's GARCH
This article starts the MMAR pipeline on EURUSD M5 data. We load market data via the MetaTrader5 Python API and run partition-function analysis with non-overlapping intervals to test for multifractal scaling. The result is an evidence-based decision on fractality, a prerequisite for building MMAR and for choosing whether to proceed beyond GARCH.
MQL5 Wizard Techniques you should know (Part 90): Fenwick Tree Money Management with 1D CNN in MQL5
This article implements a Fenwick Tree (Binary Indexed Tree) for volume-aware money management inside an MQL5 Wizard Expert Advisor. We structure cumulative volume in O(log n) and apply four scaling modes—linear, conservative, aggressive, and mean-reversion—optionally gated by a lightweight 1D CNN. Practical tests compare the algorithm alone versus the CNN‑filtered approach to illustrate adaptive lot sizing and risk control under varying volume topologies.
Implementation of the Quantum Reservoir Computing (QRC) circuit
A revolutionary approach to machine learning in trading through quantum computing. The article demonstrates a practical implementation of an adaptive QRC system with continuous retraining for predicting market movements in real time.
Building an Object-Oriented Session VWAP Engine in MQL5
This article shows how to implement a session vwap in MQL5 as a reusable include class with a strict daily reset at broker midnight. The engine computes VWAP and volume‑weighted deviation bands only on closed bars and anchors accumulation with MqlDateTime to avoid distortions from missing candles. A companion indicator plots the baseline and bands, while an Expert Advisor reads signals once per bar for consistent, CPU‑efficient execution and reliable testing.
Machine Learning Without the Black Box: The Tsetlin Machine for Trading
This article builds a white-box classifier in MQL5 using the Tsetlin Machine. It learns human-readable AND-rules instead of weights, trains with integer state updates, and requires no external dependencies. You will assemble the automaton, clause, and multi-class voter, verify on XOR and other boolean tasks, booleanize indicators, label by forward ATR-scaled return, save the model to CSV, and view active rules on a live chart.