Developing an MQTT client for Metatrader 5: a TDD approach — Part 5
This article is the fifth part of a series describing our development steps of a native MQL5 client for the MQTT 5.0 protocol. In this part we describe the structure of PUBLISH packets, how we are setting their Publish Flags, encoding Topic Name(s) strings, and setting Packet Identifier(s) when required.
Market Simulation (Part 24): Position View (II)
In this article, I will show how to use an indicator to track open positions on the trading server in the simplest and most practical way possible. I am doing this step by step to show that you do not necessarily have to move all of this into an Expert Advisor. Many of you have probably become used to doing that for one reason or another. In fact, that is not really justified, because as this implementation evolves, it will become clear that you can create or implement different types of indicators for this purpose.
MQL5 Trading Toolkit (Part 7): Expanding the History Management EX5 Library with the Last Canceled Pending Order Functions
Learn how to complete the creation of the final module in the History Manager EX5 library, focusing on the functions responsible for handling the most recently canceled pending order. This will provide you with the tools to efficiently retrieve and store key details related to canceled pending orders with MQL5.
Bison Algorithm (BIA)
A new optimization method, the Bison Algorithm (BIA), uses two strategies, inspired by the behavior of bison, for solving continuous problems with a single objective function. The key features of BIA are two fundamental principles borrowed from the behavior of bison: the ability to move dynamically and a defensive strategy.
Exchange Market Algorithm (EMA)
The article presents a detailed analysis of the Exchange Market Algorithm (EMA) inspired by the behavior of stock market traders. The algorithm simulates stock trading, where market participants with varying levels of success employ different strategies to maximize profits.
Trading with the MQL5 Economic Calendar (Part 11): Modular Canvas News Dashboard
We rebuild the MQL5 Economic Calendar dashboard from a monolithic object-based panel into a modular canvas-based system split across four files. The update adds a dual light and dark theme, collapsible day groups, a resizable layout with pixel-based scrolling, revised value markers, and a live countdown with toast notifications. A candidate event cache and a fast-path timer that repaints only changed cells improve responsiveness and make the codebase easier to extend.
Cricket Algorithm (CA)
The article discusses the Cricket Algorithm, a metaheuristic optimization method that combines elements of the Bat Algorithm and the Firefly Algorithm with the physical laws governing the propagation of sound in the atmosphere. The algorithm simulates the behavior of crickets that navigate by the chirping of their conspecifics, using Dolbear's law and acoustic formulas to guide the search for best solutions.
Implementation of a table model in MQL5: Applying the MVC concept
In this article, we look at the process of developing a table model in MQL5 using the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architectural pattern to separate data logic, presentation, and control, enabling structured, flexible, and scalable code. We consider implementation of classes for building a table model, including the use of linked lists for storing data.
Population optimization algorithms: Resistance to getting stuck in local extrema (Part I)
This article presents a unique experiment that aims to examine the behavior of population optimization algorithms in the context of their ability to efficiently escape local minima when population diversity is low and reach global maxima. Working in this direction will provide further insight into which specific algorithms can successfully continue their search using coordinates set by the user as a starting point, and what factors influence their success.
The MQL5 Standard Library Explorer (Part 14): Building a Dynamic Hedge EA with the ALGLIB Port (ap.mqh)
This article introduces ap.mqh, the ALGLIB port for MQL5, and demonstrates its use in multi‑asset workflows that require robust linear algebra. It covers why built-in indicators fall short, then implements polynomial regression, a rolling correlation matrix indicator, and an adaptive hedge ratio estimator using ridge regression with Cholesky. Practical code shows how to compute spread z‑scores and execute coordinated pairs trades entirely within MetaTrader 5.
Duelist Algorithm
What if your trading strategies could learn from each other, like real fighters? Duelist Algorithm is a new optimization method where trading system parameters literally duel for the right to be called the best.
Integrating MQL5 with Data Processing Packages (Part 9): Entropy-Based Adaptive Volatility
This work presents an end-to-end pipeline: collect MetaTrader 5 data, engineer entropy/volatility/trend features, train a PyTorch classifier, and expose predictions through a Flask API. An MQL5 EA posts rolling prices each tick, receives probability and regime, and applies adaptive position sizing and stop distances. The result is a clear recipe for integrating ML inference with MetaTrader 5.
Header in the Connexus (Part 3): Mastering the Use of HTTP Headers for Requests
We continue developing the Connexus library. In this chapter, we explore the concept of headers in the HTTP protocol, explaining what they are, what they are for, and how to use them in requests. We cover the main headers used in communications with APIs, and show practical examples of how to configure them in the library.
Elite Crystal Evolution Algorithm (CEO-inspired): Theory
A new original population-based algorithm, ECEA, is presented. Inspired by the process of water freezing, it adapts ideas from the Crystal Energy Optimizer (CEO) algorithm, which uses graph-based search, for general optimization problems. The algorithm uses a dynamic elite group, three search strategies, and a periodic diversification mechanism.
Introduction to MQL5 (Part 37): Mastering API and WebRequest Function in MQL5 (XI)
In this article, we show how to send authenticated requests to the Binance API using MQL5 to retrieve your account balance for all assets. Learn how to use your API key, server time, and signature to securely access account data, and how to save the response to a file for future use.
Building an Object-Oriented ONNX Inference Engine in MQL5
This article shows how to run Python-trained models natively in MetaTrader 5 via the terminal's ONNX functions. We build an MQL5 class that encapsulates session creation, fixes input/output tensor shapes, applies min-max feature normalization to mirror training, and executes OnnxRun once per bar to protect the CPU, the result is a reliable, maintainable inference path for live charts and the Strategy Tester without sockets or DLLs.
Competitive Learning Algorithm (CLA)
The article presents the Competitive Learning Algorithm (CLA), a new metaheuristic optimization method based on simulating the educational process. The algorithm organizes the population of solutions into classes with students and teachers, where agents learn through three mechanisms: following the best in the class, using personal experience, and sharing knowledge between classes.
Body in Connexus (Part 4): Adding HTTP body support
In this article, we explored the concept of body in HTTP requests, which is essential for sending data such as JSON and plain text. We discussed and explained how to use it correctly with the appropriate headers. We also introduced the ChttpBody class, part of the Connexus library, which will simplify working with the body of requests.
Custom Debugging and Profiling Tools for MQL5 Development (Part III): Regression Gates for Performance and Trading Rules
This article adds a regression gate to the MQL5 debugging and profiling workflow. It keeps the Part II profiler, TestLite runner, and trading math helper as contracts, then compares current profiler evidence with an accepted baseline. The workflow also adds symbol-aware assertions, compact status files, and report tables so performance drift, missing tests, and broker-assumption problems are visible before a build is accepted.
Introduction to MQL5 (Part 34): Mastering API and WebRequest Function in MQL5 (VIII)
In this article, you will learn how to create an interactive control panel in MetaTrader 5. We cover the basics of adding input fields, action buttons, and labels to display text. Using a project-based approach, you will see how to set up a panel where users can type messages and eventually display server responses from an API.
Developing an MQTT client for Metatrader 5: a TDD approach — Part 6
This article is the sixth part of a series describing our development steps of a native MQL5 client for the MQTT 5.0 protocol. In this part we comment on the main changes in our first refactoring, how we arrived at a viable blueprint for our packet-building classes, how we are building PUBLISH and PUBACK packets, and the semantics behind the PUBACK Reason Codes.
Connexus Observer (Part 8): Adding a Request Observer
In this final installment of our Connexus library series, we explored the implementation of the Observer pattern, as well as essential refactorings to file paths and method names. This series covered the entire development of Connexus, designed to simplify HTTP communication in complex applications.
Building a Broker-Agnostic Symbol Resolution Layer in MQL5
We implement a symbol resolution framework that abstracts broker naming differences in MetaTrader 5. Using a persistent mapping store, layered resolution with validation, a hash-indexed registry, and a cache, it returns selectable symbols with live market data and logs unresolved cases. Practically, you can deploy the same EA across brokers and keep symbol access consistent at low runtime cost.
Market Simulation: (Part 11): Sockets (V)
We are beginning to implement the connection between Excel and MetaTrader 5, but first we need to understand some key points. This way, you won't have to rack your brains trying to figure out why something works or doesn't. And before you frown at the prospect of integrating Python and Excel, let's see how we can (to some extent) control MetaTrader 5 through Excel using xlwings. What we demonstrate here will primarily focus on educational objectives. However, don't think that we can only do what will be covered here.
Downloading International Monetary Fund Data Using Python
Downloading international monetary fund data in Python: Mining IMF data for use in macroeconomic currency strategies. How can macroeconomics help an ordinary and an algorithmic trader?
Beyond GARCH (Part III): Building the MMAR and the Verdict
With the multifractal parameters from Part 2 in hand, this article builds the full MMAR process. We construct the multiplicative cascade for trading time, generate Fractional Brownian Motion via Davies-Harte FFT, and combine both into X(t) = B_H[theta(t)]. A 100-path Monte Carlo simulation produces the volatility forecast, which we then pit against GARCH on the same EURUSD M5 data. Does Mandelbrot's fractal architecture outforecast Engle's conditional variance framework? Part 3 of a eight-part series leading to a native MQL5 library and Expert Advisor.
Trading with the MQL5 Economic Calendar (Part 12): SQLite Storage and Deduplication
In this article, we replace the embedded CSV snapshot with a SQLite layer that persists calendar events and triggered trade IDs across restarts. The database lives in the common terminal folder and is shared by live charts and the strategy tester, so both modes read the same data without recompiling. An on-demand downloader with a canvas progress bar fetches history from the calendar API and stores it for offline reuse.
Developing a Terminal Manager (Part 1): Problem Statement
How can we conveniently monitor multiple terminals running Expert Advisors, especially when they are on different computers? Let's try to create a web interface for managing the launch of MetaTrader 5 trading terminals and viewing detailed information about the operation of each instance.
Market Simulation: Position View (III)
In previous articles, we mentioned that sometimes we need to set a value for the ZOrder property. But why? The reason is that many pieces of code that add objects to a chart simply do not use, or more precisely do not define, a value for this property. The point is that I am not here to say what every programmer should or should not do, or how they should or should not write their code. I am here to show you, dear reader, and everyone who truly wants to understand how these processes work internally, what actually happens behind the scenes.
Eco-inspired Evolutionary Algorithm (ECO)
The article discusses the ECO optimization algorithm, which is based on ecological concepts: populations are grouped into habitats based on territorial proximity, exchange genetic material within habitats, and migrate between them. Despite its wide range of operators and elegant biological metaphor, the algorithm produced a certain result discussed below.
Analysis of the Impact of Solar and Lunar Cycles on Currency Exchange Rates
What if lunar cycles and seasonal patterns influence the foreign exchange markets? This article shows how to translate astrological concepts into the language of mathematics and machine learning. I built a Python system with 88 features based on astronomical cycles, trained CatBoost on 15 years of EURUSD data, and obtained some intriguing results. The code is open-source, the methods are verifiable, and the conclusions are unexpected — ancient wisdom meets gradient boosting.
Integrating MQL5 with Data Processing Packages (Part 10): Deploying Python AutoML Pipelines for Strategy Testing
This article presents a reproducible MetaTrader 5 workflow: collect history, engineer nine context features, label simulated EMA crossover trades, train with FLAML, and export to ONNX with fixed opset and plain probabilities. The Expert Advisor loads the model natively, mirrors the Python feature contract, and uses a tunable confidence threshold as a trade filter. Readers can swap signals and features to reuse the same pipeline.
Elite Crystal Evolution Algorithm (CEO-inspired): Practical Implementation
Experimental evaluation on standard benchmark functions reveals the advantages and limitations of directly adapting combinatorial algorithms. The article provides a detailed description of the ECEA algorithm's mechanisms and test results.
Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA)
The Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA) is a metaheuristic inspired by the mechanisms of the innate immune system. Dendritic cells patrol the search space, accumulate signals about the quality of positions, and reach a collective decision: whether to exploit what they have found or to continue exploration. Let's take a look at how a biological model for detecting pathogens is transformed into an optimization algorithm.
Market Simulation: Position View (XII)
In this article, you will learn how to create a visual signal on your trading platform so you can determine directly on the chart whether a position is long or short, without having to open the Terminal. In addition, the article also explains how to implement a feature that improves the display when moving Take Profit and Stop Loss lines by hiding the horizontal line that follows the mouse cursor while these lines are being moved, to avoid confusion. The article provides practical insight into setting up market simulation systems.
Market Simulation (Part 23): Getting Started with SQL (VI)
In this article, we will see how to visualize a database and, from that, understand how it is structured. This is done by analyzing the database’s internal structure. Although this may seem unnecessary at first, it is fully justified if we really want to become database administrators. After all, some people make a living maintaining and designing databases.
Market Simulation: Position View (IX)
In this turning-point article, we will begin to explore in greater depth the interaction between the applications we are developing to ensure full support for the replay/simulation system. Here we will analyze a problem that, on the one hand, is quite unpleasant, but on the other hand, is very interesting to explain and solve. The problem is this: how can we restore the take-profit and stop-loss lines after they have been deleted, and do so without using the terminal by performing the operation directly on the chart? At first glance, it seems simple. However, there are several obstacles that must be overcome.
Dandelion Optimizer (DO)
The Dandelion Optimizer (DO) turns the simple flight of a seed carried by the wind into a mathematical search strategy. The three phases — vortex rising, drift toward the center of the population, and landing along a Lévy-flight trajectory — form an elegant metaphor that yields interesting results in practice.
Market Simulation: Getting Started with SQL in MQL5 (V)
In the previous article, I showed how to proceed in order to add a query mechanism. This was needed so that, inside MQL5 code, you could fully use SQL and retrieve results using an SQL SELECT query. But there is still one last function we need to implement. This is the DatabaseReadBind function. Since understanding it properly requires a slightly more detailed explanation, it was decided to cover it not in the previous article, but in today's article. So, since the topic will be fairly extensive, let us proceed directly to the next section.
Market Simulation: Position View (XIII)
In this article, we will look at how to easily implement an indicator that shows whether a position is generating a profit or a loss. The procedure is simple and effective. Even without in-depth expertise, this indicator will allow you to easily recognize when to close a position. This way, you will avoid unexpected results, since the calculation reflects the actual outcome you would get if you closed the position.