Volume Price Efficiency

# Volume Price Efficiency - Lo spessore del mercato

*Categoria: Volume | Difficolta: intermedio | Finestra: finestra separata sotto il grafico | Mercati: Universale (Forex, indici, materie prime, crypto, azioni) | Timeframe consigliati: M5, M15, M30, H1, H4*

## Descrizione breve

> Misura quanto prezzo viene spostato da una unita di volume. Valori alti indicano un mercato sottile, in cui pochi ordini muovono molto; valori bassi indicano assorbimento.

### Panoramica

Quanto prezzo serve per assorbire una unita di volume? La risposta descrive lo spessore del mercato meglio di qualunque misura di volume presa da sola. Se il prezzo si muove molto con poco volume il mercato e sottile: pochi ordini bastano a spostarlo, i movimenti sono fragili e i ritorni indietro frequenti. Se il prezzo si muove poco nonostante un volume elevato il mercato e spesso: c'e qualcuno che assorbe, le posizioni si costruiscono senza spostare il prezzo e i movimenti successivi tendono a essere piu solidi. Entrambe le grandezze sono normalizzate, il movimento sull'ATR e il volume sulla propria media, quindi il risultato e un numero puro che vale la stessa cosa su qualunque strumento e timeframe: il valore uno indica che quella barra ha mosso il prezzo esattamente quanto ci si aspetterebbe dal suo volume.

### Come funziona il calcolo

1. Il movimento di ogni barra e la variazione assoluta di chiusura, divisa per l'ATR su InpAtrPeriod barre.
2. Il volume della barra viene diviso per la propria media su InpVolPeriod barre, ottenendo un volume relativo adimensionale.
3. Il volume relativo ha un minimo imposto, per evitare divisioni per valori prossimi allo zero nelle sessioni ferme.
4. L'impatto della singola barra e il rapporto fra le due grandezze normalizzate.
5. L'istogramma mostra la media dell'impatto su InpPeriod barre, perche una barra sola e troppo rumorosa per descrivere lo spessore.
6. Se il volume reale non e disponibile l'indicatore ricade automaticamente sul volume a tick.

### Come si usa

- Valori in zona rossa indicano un mercato sottile: le rotture sono poco affidabili e conviene ridurre la dimensione delle posizioni.
- Valori in zona azzurra indicano assorbimento: molto volume che non muove il prezzo, spesso il preludio di un movimento importante.
- Un calo improvviso dell'impatto durante un trend segnala che qualcuno sta iniziando a prendere l'altro lato.
- Usarlo come filtro prima di operare le rotture: una rottura in mercato sottile ha probabilita molto piu alta di rientrare.
- Nelle sessioni di bassa liquidita, come le ore notturne, l'impatto sale strutturalmente: e informazione corretta, non un errore.

### A chi e rivolto e su quali timeframe

E rivolto a chi opera sulle rotture e ha bisogno di sapere quanto solido sia il mercato prima di entrare, e a chi studia il comportamento della liquidita intraday. Da il meglio da M5 a H1, dove le variazioni di volume fra barre sono ampie e informative. Su timeframe alti il volume relativo varia meno e l'indicatore diventa meno discriminante. Funziona in modo particolarmente pulito su futures e azioni, dove il volume e un dato reale; sul forex il volume a tick e una approssimazione ma resta comunque utilizzabile.

### Esempio pratico di lettura del segnale

Su DAX40 M15 l'impatto scende a 0.45 e l'istogramma diventa azzurro: nelle ultime quattordici barre e passato molto volume ma il prezzo si e mosso pochissimo. Qualcuno sta assorbendo. Il trader non entra ma resta in osservazione. Due ore dopo il prezzo rompe il massimo del range e l'impatto risale a 1.1: il volume ora produce movimento, l'assorbimento e finito e chi aveva costruito la posizione la sta portando a casa. La rottura viene operata. Se invece l'impatto fosse stato a 1.9 al momento della rottura, in zona rossa, la stessa rottura sarebbe avvenuta in mercato sottile e sarebbe stata da evitare.

## Elenco parametri di input

| Parametro | Default | Descrizione |
|---|---|---|
| `InpPeriod` | 14 | Barre su cui mediare l'impatto. Finestre corte reagiscono in fretta ma producono un istogramma molto mosso. |
| `InpAtrPeriod` | 30 | Periodo ATR che normalizza il movimento, rendendolo confrontabile fra strumenti diversi. |
| `InpVolPeriod` | 50 | Finestra della media di volume che definisce cosa sia un volume normale per questo strumento. |
| `InpSignalPeriod` | 9 | Periodo della media di segnale sovrapposta all'istogramma. |
| `InpThinLevel` | 1.60 | Impatto oltre cui il mercato viene considerato sottile e l'istogramma colorato di rosso. |
| `InpThickLevel` | 0.60 | Impatto sotto cui il mercato viene considerato assorbente. Se le soglie sono incoerenti, l'indicatore le separa automaticamente. |
| `InpUseRealVolume` | false | Con true si usa il volume reale se disponibile; con false, o in sua assenza, il volume a tick. |

## Vantaggi / punti di forza

- Misura una proprieta strutturale del mercato, lo spessore, che nessun indicatore di volume grezzo puo esprimere.
- Doppia normalizzazione: il valore uno ha lo stesso significato su qualunque strumento e timeframe.
- Ha un uso diretto come filtro sulle rotture, dove distingue le condizioni favorevoli da quelle rischiose.
- Ricaduta automatica sul volume a tick quando quello reale manca: funziona su qualunque broker.

## Limitazioni e avvertenze

- Sul forex il volume a tick e una approssimazione del volume reale e varia da broker a broker.
- Usa la variazione di chiusura e non il range: una barra con lunghe ombre e chiusura ferma risulta a basso movimento anche se ha percorso molta strada.
- Nelle ore di bassissima liquidita il rapporto diventa instabile nonostante il minimo imposto sul volume relativo.
- Le due soglie sono valori empirici che vanno verificati sul proprio strumento prima di essere usati come filtro.

**Nessun repaint:** i valori pubblicati su una barra chiusa non vengono piu modificati.

**Disclaimer.** Questo prodotto e uno strumento di analisi tecnica, non un sistema di trading automatico, e non fornisce alcuna garanzia di profitto. I mercati finanziari comportano il rischio di perdita totale del capitale investito. Le performance passate non sono indicative dei risultati futuri. Ogni segnale prodotto va sempre confermato con la propria analisi, un piano di money management e un test preventivo su conto demo. L'autore non e responsabile di decisioni operative prese sulla base di questo indicatore.

## Tag / parole chiave suggerite per MQL5

`volume`, `liquidity`, `market depth`, `absorption`, `breakout filter`, `efficiency`, `no repaint`, `atr`
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