MQL4 and MQL5 Programming Articles

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Study the MQL5 language for programming trading strategies in numerous published articles mostly written by you - the community members. The articles are grouped into categories to help you quicker find answers to any questions related to programming: Integration, Tester, Trading Strategies, etc.

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Neural networks made easy (Part 75): Improving the performance of trajectory prediction models

Neural networks made easy (Part 75): Improving the performance of trajectory prediction models

The models we create are becoming larger and more complex. This increases the costs of not only their training as well as operation. However, the time required to make a decision is often critical. In this regard, let us consider methods for optimizing model performance without loss of quality.
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Trend criteria in trading

Trend criteria in trading

Trends are an important part of many trading strategies. In this article, we will look at some of the tools used to identify trends and their characteristics. Understanding and correctly interpreting trends can significantly improve trading efficiency and minimize risks.
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MetaTrader 5 Machine Learning Blueprint (Part 8): Bayesian Hyperparameter Optimization with Purged Cross-Validation and Trial Pruning

MetaTrader 5 Machine Learning Blueprint (Part 8): Bayesian Hyperparameter Optimization with Purged Cross-Validation and Trial Pruning

GridSearchCV and RandomizedSearchCV share a fundamental limitation in financial ML: each trial is independent, so search quality does not improve with additional compute. This article integrates Optuna — using the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator — with PurgedKFold cross-validation, HyperbandPruner early stopping, and a dual-weight convention that separates training weights from evaluation weights. The result is a five-component system: an objective function with fold-level pruning, a suggestion layer that optimizes the weighting scheme jointly with model hyperparameters, a financially-calibrated pruner, a resumable SQLite-backed orchestrator, and a converter to scikit-learn cv_results_ format. The article also establishes the boundary — drawn from Timothy Masters — between statistical objectives where directed search is beneficial and financial objectives where it is harmful.
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Neural networks made easy (Part 17): Dimensionality reduction

Neural networks made easy (Part 17): Dimensionality reduction

In this part we continue discussing Artificial Intelligence models. Namely, we study unsupervised learning algorithms. We have already discussed one of the clustering algorithms. In this article, I am sharing a variant of solving problems related to dimensionality reduction.
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Building an Object-Oriented FVG Scanner in MQL5

Building an Object-Oriented FVG Scanner in MQL5

Create an object-oriented fair value gap (FVG) scanner in MQL5 and display liquidity gaps directly on a MetaTrader 5 chart, this article formalizes the imbalance geometry based on three candlesticks, synchronizes OHLC arrays with CopyRates, manages rectangles without leaks, and monitors mitigation in real time. It also shows how to integrate this class into an Expert Advisor with a strict new bar filter for stable and efficient execution.
Requirements Applicable to Articles Offered for Publishing at MQL4.com
Requirements Applicable to Articles Offered for Publishing at MQL4.com

Requirements Applicable to Articles Offered for Publishing at MQL4.com

Requirements Applicable to Articles Offered for Publishing at MQL4.com
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Developing a Trading Strategy: The Flower Volatility Index Trend-Following Approach

Developing a Trading Strategy: The Flower Volatility Index Trend-Following Approach

The relentless quest to decode market rhythms has led traders and quantitative analysts to develop countless mathematical models. This article has introduced the Flower Volatility Index (FVI), a novel approach that transforms the mathematical elegance of Rose Curves into a functional trading tool. Through this work, we have shown how mathematical models can be adapted into practical trading mechanisms capable of supporting both analysis and decision-making in real market conditions.
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Discrete Hartley transform

Discrete Hartley transform

In this article, we will consider one of the methods of spectral analysis and signal processing - the discrete Hartley transform. It allows filtering signals, analyzing their spectrum and much more. The capabilities of DHT are no less than those of the discrete Fourier transform. However, unlike DFT, DHT uses only real numbers, which makes it more convenient for implementation in practice, and the results of its application are more visual.
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From Novice to Expert: Statistical Validation of Supply and Demand Zones

From Novice to Expert: Statistical Validation of Supply and Demand Zones

Today, we uncover the often overlooked statistical foundation behind supply and demand trading strategies. By combining MQL5 with Python through a Jupyter Notebook workflow, we conduct a structured, data-driven investigation aimed at transforming visual market assumptions into measurable insights. This article covers the complete research process, including data collection, Python-based statistical analysis, algorithm design, testing, and final conclusions. To explore the methodology and findings in detail, read the full article.
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Automating Black-Scholes Greeks: Advanced Scalping and Microstructure Trading

Automating Black-Scholes Greeks: Advanced Scalping and Microstructure Trading

Gamma and Delta were originally developed as risk-management tools for hedging options exposure, but over time they evolved into powerful instruments for advanced scalping, order-flow modeling, and microstructure trading. Today, they serve as real-time indicators of price sensitivity and liquidity behavior, enabling traders to anticipate short-term volatility with remarkable precision.
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Population optimization algorithms: Shuffled Frog-Leaping algorithm (SFL)

Population optimization algorithms: Shuffled Frog-Leaping algorithm (SFL)

The article presents a detailed description of the shuffled frog-leaping (SFL) algorithm and its capabilities in solving optimization problems. The SFL algorithm is inspired by the behavior of frogs in their natural environment and offers a new approach to function optimization. The SFL algorithm is an efficient and flexible tool capable of processing a variety of data types and achieving optimal solutions.
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Creating 3D bars based on time, price and volume

Creating 3D bars based on time, price and volume

The article dwells on multivariate 3D price charts and their creation. We will also consider how 3D bars predict price reversals, and how Python and MetaTrader 5 allow us to plot these volume bars in real time.
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Neuro-symbolic systems in algorithmic trading: Combining symbolic rules and neural networks

Neuro-symbolic systems in algorithmic trading: Combining symbolic rules and neural networks

The article describes the experience of developing a hybrid trading system that combines classical technical analysis with neural networks. The author provides a detailed analysis of the system architecture from basic pattern analysis and neural network structure to the mechanisms behind trading decisions, and shares real code and practical observations.
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Risk Management (Part 2): Implementing Lot Calculation in a Graphical Interface

Risk Management (Part 2): Implementing Lot Calculation in a Graphical Interface

In this article, we will look at how to improve and more effectively apply the concepts presented in the previous article using the powerful MQL5 graphical control libraries. We'll go step by step through the process of creating a fully functional GUI. I'll be explaining the ideas behind it, as well as the purpose and operation of each method used. Additionally, at the end of the article, we will test the panel we created to ensure it functions correctly and meets its stated goals.
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William Gann methods (Part III): Does Astrology Work?

William Gann methods (Part III): Does Astrology Work?

Do the positions of planets and stars affect financial markets? Let's arm ourselves with statistics and big data, and embark on an exciting journey into the world where stars and stock charts intersect.
Tricolor Indicators and Some Opportunities for Maximal Simplification of Writing Indicators
Tricolor Indicators and Some Opportunities for Maximal Simplification of Writing Indicators

Tricolor Indicators and Some Opportunities for Maximal Simplification of Writing Indicators

In this article the author dwells on some means of increasing indicators' informational value for visual trading. The author analyzes the realization of tricolor indicators, indicators, for building which data from other timeframes is used, and continues to dwell on the library of indicators, described in the article "Effective Averaging Algorithms with Minimal Lag: Use in Indicators"
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Simplifying Databases in MQL5 (Part 1): Introduction to Databases and SQL

Simplifying Databases in MQL5 (Part 1): Introduction to Databases and SQL

We explore how to manipulate databases in MQL5 using the language's native functions. We cover everything from table creation, insertion, updating, and deletion to data import and export, all with sample code. The content serves as a solid foundation for understanding the internal mechanics of data access, paving the way for the discussion of ORM, where we'll build one in MQL5.
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Engineering Trading Discipline into Code (Part 3): Enforcing Symbol-Level Trading Boundaries with a Whitelist System in MQL5

Engineering Trading Discipline into Code (Part 3): Enforcing Symbol-Level Trading Boundaries with a Whitelist System in MQL5

This article details an MQL5 framework that restricts trading to an approved set of symbols. The solution combines a shared library, a configuration dashboard, and an enforcement Expert Advisor that validates each trade against a whitelist and logs blocked attempts. It includes fully functional code examples, a clear explanation of the structural design decisions, and validation tests that confirm reliable symbol filtering, controlled market exposure, and transparent monitoring of rule enforcement.
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Wrapping ONNX models in classes

Wrapping ONNX models in classes

Object-oriented programming enables creation of a more compact code that is easy to read and modify. Here we will have a look at the example for three ONNX models.
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Developing a Replay System — Market simulation (Part 05): Adding Previews

Developing a Replay System — Market simulation (Part 05): Adding Previews

We have managed to develop a way to implement the market replay system in a realistic and accessible way. Now let's continue our project and add data to improve the replay behavior.
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Price Action Analysis Toolkit Development (Part 60):  Objective Swing-Based Trendlines for Structural Analysis

Price Action Analysis Toolkit Development (Part 60): Objective Swing-Based Trendlines for Structural Analysis

We present a rule-based approach to trendlines that avoids indicator pivots and uses ordered swings derived from raw prices. The article walks through swing detection, size qualification via ATR or fixed thresholds, and validation of ascending and descending structures, then implements these rules in MQL5 with non-repainting drawing and selective output. You get a clear, repeatable way to track structural support and resistance that holds up across market conditions.
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Example of Auto Optimized Take Profits and Indicator Parameters with SMA and EMA

Example of Auto Optimized Take Profits and Indicator Parameters with SMA and EMA

This article presents a sophisticated Expert Advisor for forex trading, combining machine learning with technical analysis. It focuses on trading Apple stock, featuring adaptive optimization, risk management, and multiple strategies. Backtesting shows promising results with high profitability but also significant drawdowns, indicating potential for further refinement.
Three-Dimensional Graphs - a Professional Tool of Market Analyzing
Three-Dimensional Graphs - a Professional Tool of Market Analyzing

Three-Dimensional Graphs - a Professional Tool of Market Analyzing

In this article we will write a simple library for the construction of 3D graphs and their further viewing in Microsoft Excel. We will use standard MQL4 options to prepare and export data into *.csv file.
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Creating an EA that works automatically (Part 07): Account types (II)

Creating an EA that works automatically (Part 07): Account types (II)

Today we'll see how to create an Expert Advisor that simply and safely works in automatic mode. The trader should always be aware of what the automatic EA is doing, so that if it "goes off the rails", the trader could remove it from the chart as soon as possible and take control of the situation.
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Population optimization algorithms: ElectroMagnetism-like algorithm (ЕМ)

Population optimization algorithms: ElectroMagnetism-like algorithm (ЕМ)

The article describes the principles, methods and possibilities of using the Electromagnetic Algorithm in various optimization problems. The EM algorithm is an efficient optimization tool capable of working with large amounts of data and multidimensional functions.
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Monitoring trading with push notifications — example of a MetaTrader 5 service

Monitoring trading with push notifications — example of a MetaTrader 5 service

In this article, we will look at creating a service app for sending notifications to a smartphone about trading results. We will learn how to handle lists of Standard Library objects to organize a selection of objects by required properties.
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Developing a multi-currency Expert Advisor (Part 17): Further preparation for real trading

Developing a multi-currency Expert Advisor (Part 17): Further preparation for real trading

Currently, our EA uses the database to obtain initialization strings for single instances of trading strategies. However, the database is quite large and contains a lot of information that is not needed for the actual EA operation. Let's try to ensure the EA's functionality without a mandatory connection to the database.
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Statistical Arbitrage Through Cointegrated Stocks (Part 1): Engle-Granger and Johansen Cointegration Tests

Statistical Arbitrage Through Cointegrated Stocks (Part 1): Engle-Granger and Johansen Cointegration Tests

This article aims to provide a trader-friendly, gentle introduction to the most common cointegration tests, along with a simple guide to understanding their results. The Engle-Granger and Johansen cointegration tests can reveal statistically significant pairs or groups of assets that share long-term dynamics. The Johansen test is especially useful for portfolios with three or more assets, as it calculates the strength of cointegrating vectors all at once.
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Mastering File Operations in MQL5: From Basic I/O to Building a Custom CSV Reader

Mastering File Operations in MQL5: From Basic I/O to Building a Custom CSV Reader

This article focuses on essential MQL5 file-handling techniques, spanning trade logs, CSV processing, and external data integration. It offers both conceptual understanding and hands-on coding guidance. Readers will learn to build a custom CSV importer class step-by-step, gaining practical skills for real-world applications.
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MQL5 Trading Tools (Part 21): Adding Cyberpunk Theme to Regression Graphs

MQL5 Trading Tools (Part 21): Adding Cyberpunk Theme to Regression Graphs

In this article, we enhance the regression graphing tool in MQL5 by adding a cyberpunk theme mode with neon glows, animations, and holographic effects for immersive visualization. We integrate theme toggling, dynamic backgrounds with stars, glowing borders, and neon points/lines, while maintaining standard mode compatibility. This dual-theme system elevates pair analysis with futuristic aesthetics, supporting real-time updates and interactions for engaging trading insights.
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MQL5 Trading Tools (Part 7): Informational Dashboard for Multi-Symbol Position and Account Monitoring

MQL5 Trading Tools (Part 7): Informational Dashboard for Multi-Symbol Position and Account Monitoring

In this article, we develop an informational dashboard in MQL5 for monitoring multi-symbol positions and account metrics like balance, equity, and free margin. We implement a sortable grid with real-time updates, CSV export, and a glowing header effect to enhance usability and visual appeal.
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Implementing of a Breakeven Mechanism in MQL5 (Part 1): Base Class and Fixed-Points Breakeven Mode

Implementing of a Breakeven Mechanism in MQL5 (Part 1): Base Class and Fixed-Points Breakeven Mode

This article discusses the application of a breakeven mechanism in automated strategies using the MQL5 language. We will start with a simple explanation of what the breakeven mode is, how it is implemented, and its possible variations. Next, this functionality will be integrated into the Order Blocks expert advisor, which we created in our last article on risk management. To evaluate its effectiveness, we will run two backtests under specific conditions: one using the breakeven mechanism and the other without it.
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MQL5 Wizard Techniques you should know (Part 71): Using Patterns of MACD and the OBV

MQL5 Wizard Techniques you should know (Part 71): Using Patterns of MACD and the OBV

The Moving-Average-Convergence-Divergence (MACD) oscillator and the On-Balance-Volume (OBV) oscillator are another pair of indicators that could be used in conjunction within an MQL5 Expert Advisor. This pairing, as is practice in these article series, is complementary with the MACD affirming trends while OBV checks volume. As usual, we use the MQL5 wizard to build and test any potential these two may possess.
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Integrate Your Own LLM into EA (Part 5): Develop and Test Trading Strategy with LLMs (III) – Adapter-Tuning

Integrate Your Own LLM into EA (Part 5): Develop and Test Trading Strategy with LLMs (III) – Adapter-Tuning

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence today, language models (LLMs) are an important part of artificial intelligence, so we should think about how to integrate powerful LLMs into our algorithmic trading. For most people, it is difficult to fine-tune these powerful models according to their needs, deploy them locally, and then apply them to algorithmic trading. This series of articles will take a step-by-step approach to achieve this goal.
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Building A Candlestick Trend Constraint Model (Part 1): For EAs And Technical Indicators

Building A Candlestick Trend Constraint Model (Part 1): For EAs And Technical Indicators

This article is aimed at beginners and pro-MQL5 developers. It provides a piece of code to define and constrain signal-generating indicators to trends in higher timeframes. In this way, traders can enhance their strategies by incorporating a broader market perspective, leading to potentially more robust and reliable trading signals.
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From Novice to Expert: Collaborative Debugging in MQL5

From Novice to Expert: Collaborative Debugging in MQL5

Problem-solving can establish a concise routine for mastering complex skills, such as programming in MQL5. This approach allows you to concentrate on solving problems while simultaneously developing your skills. The more problems you tackle, the more advanced expertise is transferred to your brain. Personally, I believe that debugging is the most effective way to master programming. Today, we will walk through the code-cleaning process and discuss the best techniques for transforming a messy program into a clean, functional one. Read through this article and uncover valuable insights.
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Expert Advisor based on the universal MLP approximator

Expert Advisor based on the universal MLP approximator

The article presents a simple and accessible way to use a neural network in a trading EA that does not require deep knowledge of machine learning. The method eliminates the target function normalization, as well as overcomes "weight explosion" and "network stall" issues offering intuitive training and visual control of the results.
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Developing an MQTT client for MetaTrader 5: a TDD approach

Developing an MQTT client for MetaTrader 5: a TDD approach

This article reports the first attempts in the development of a native MQTT client for MQL5. MQTT is a Client Server publish/subscribe messaging transport protocol. It is lightweight, open, simple, and designed to be easy to implement. These characteristics make it ideal for use in many situations.
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Non-linear regression models on the stock exchange

Non-linear regression models on the stock exchange

Non-linear regression models on the stock exchange: Is it possible to predict financial markets? Let's consider creating a model for forecasting prices for EURUSD, and make two robots based on it - in Python and MQL5.
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Building a Liquidity Spectrum Volume Profile Indicator in MQL5

Building a Liquidity Spectrum Volume Profile Indicator in MQL5

Build a Liquidity Spectrum Volume Profile in MQL5 that allocates volume to equal price bins over a chosen lookback using candle close prices. The guide covers data retrieval with copy functions, binning and normalization, and drawing rectangles and POC lines with chart objects and time offsets to reveal high-activity liquidity zones on the chart.