I want to remind about the following key article: The Fundamentals of Testing in MetaTrader 5 Why is it interesting? Because it was explained the modes of backtesting: "Every Tick" mode, "1 Minute OHLC" mode and "Open Prices Only" mode.
What are the differences between the three modes of testing in MetaTrader 5, and what should be particularly looked for? How does the testing of an EA, trading simultaneously on multiple instruments, take place? When and how are the indicator values calculated during testing, and how are the events handled? How to synchronize the bars from different instruments during testing in an "open prices only" mode? This article aims to provide answers to these and many other questions.
When optimizing trading systems, the most exciting things are metaheuristic optimization algorithms. They do not require knowledge of the formula of the function being optimized. Population algorithms involve the simultaneous handling of several options for solving the optimization problem and represent an alternative to classical algorithms based on motion trajectories whose search area has only one candidate evolving when solving the problem.
This is an introductory article on optimization algorithm (OA) classification. The article attempts to create a test stand (a set of functions), which is to be used for comparing OAs and, perhaps, identifying the most universal algorithm out of all widely known ones.
Belgian researcher Marco Dorigo has created a mathematical model that scientifically describes the process of collective intelligence in an ant colony. He published it in his doctoral dissertation in 1992 and implemented it as an algorithm.
Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a population-based stochastic search method for solving a wide range of combinatorial optimization problems. ACO is based on the concept of stigmergy. In 1959, Pierre-Paul Grasset invented the theory of stigmergy to explain the nest-building behavior of termites. Stigmergy consists of two Greek words: stigma - sign and ergon - action.
This time I will analyze the Ant Colony optimization algorithm. The algorithm is very interesting and complex. In the article, I make an attempt to create a new type of ACO.
For many years, the bee search methods were researched exclusively by biologists. However, the interest in applying swarm behavior in the development of new optimization algorithms was growing. In 2005, professor Dervis Karaboga became interested in the research results. He published a scientific article and was the first to describe the model of swarm intelligence mostly inspired by bee dance. The model was called the artificial bee colony.
In this article, we will study the algorithm of an artificial bee colony and supplement our knowledge with new principles of studying functional spaces. In this article, I will showcase my interpretation of the classic version of the algorithm.
The gray wolf algorithm is a metaheuristic stochastic swarm intelligence algorithm developed in 2014. Its idea is based on the gray wolf pack hunting model. There are four types of wolves: alpha, beta, delta and omega. Alpha has the most "weight" in decision making and managing the pack. Next come the beta and the delta, which obey the alpha and have power over the rest of the wolves. The omega wolf always obeys the rest of the dominant wolves.
Let's consider one of the newest modern optimization algorithms - Grey Wolf Optimization. The original behavior on test functions makes this algorithm one of the most interesting among the ones considered earlier. This is one of the top algorithms for use in training neural networks, smooth functions with many variables.
The cuckoo is a fascinating bird, not only because of its singing, but also because of its aggressive breeding strategy, which consists in laying eggs into nests of other birds. Cuckoo search is one of the latest nature-inspired heuristic algorithms developed by Yang and Deb in 2009. It is based on the parasitism of some cuckoo species. This algorithm has been further improved by so-called Levy flights rather than simple isotropic random walk methods.
The Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA) is used for continuous non-linear optimization. COA is inspired by the lifestyle of this bird. The optimization algorithm is based on the features of the species' egg-laying and reproduction. Like other evolutionary approaches, COA starts with an initial population. The basis of the algorithm is an attempt to survive. While competing for survival, some of the birds die. Surviving cuckoos move to better places and begin to breed and lay eggs. Finally, the surviving cuckoos converge in such a way that a cuckoo society with similar fitness values is obtained. The main advantage of this method is its simplicity: cuckoo search requires only four understandable parameters, so tuning becomes a no-brainer.
The next algorithm I will consider is cuckoo search optimization using Levy flights. This is one of the latest optimization algorithms and a new leader in the leaderboard.
An aggregation of fish is the general term for any collection of fish that have gathered together in some locality. Fish aggregations can be structured or unstructured. Fish form schools in nature in several ways. As a rule, they prefer larger schools, consisting of individuals only of their own species. The question of how schooling fish choose the direction in which to swim remains unresolved. This schooling behavior prompted many researchers to create not only a mathematical model, but also an algorithmic model for solving various optimization problems.
Fish School Search (FSS) is a new optimization algorithm inspired by the behavior of fish in a school, most of which (up to 80%) swim in an organized community of relatives. It has been proven that fish aggregations play an important role in the efficiency of foraging and protection from predators.
Nature has always been an inspiration for many metaheuristic algorithms. It managed to find solutions to problems without prompting, based on individual experience. Natural selection and survival of the fittest were the main motivation for the creation of early metaheuristic algorithms. In nature, animals communicate with each other in many ways. Fireflies use their ability to blink to communicate. There are about 2000 species of fireflies with their own special flash patterns.
There are two variants of population optimization algorithms inspired by the behavior of fireflies: the Firefly Algorithm and the Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithm. The main difference between firefly and glowworms is that the latter are wingless. In this article, we will consider the first type of the optimization algorithm.
In this article, I will consider the Firefly Algorithm (FA) optimization method. Thanks to the modification, the algorithm has turned from an outsider into a real rating table leader.
This made it possible to drastically reduce the latency from the fact that some tasks fell to openly inhibitory agents that delayed all calculations.
Three cloud servers in the USA, Germany and Russia are currently distributing tasks, which has significantly reduced network latency and accelerated data delivery. Some experts require replication of hundreds of gigabytes, and more than a terabyte for those who excel.
Allow the use of cookies to log in to the MQL5.com website.
Please enable the necessary setting in your browser, otherwise you will not be able to log in.
You are signed in. Two-factor authentication has been disabled. Set it up again and scan a new QR code, or continue with two-factor authentication disabled.
Why is it interesting?
Because it was explained the modes of backtesting: "Every Tick" mode, "1 Minute OHLC" mode and "Open Prices Only" mode.
Good article was published: Population optimization algorithms
Population optimization algorithms: Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)
Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a population-based stochastic search method for solving a wide range of combinatorial optimization problems. ACO is based on the concept of stigmergy. In 1959, Pierre-Paul Grasset invented the theory of stigmergy to explain the nest-building behavior of termites. Stigmergy consists of two Greek words: stigma - sign and ergon - action.
Population optimization algorithms: Artificial Bee Colony (ABC)
Population optimization algorithms: Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO)
Population optimization algorithms: Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA)
The cuckoo is a fascinating bird, not only because of its singing, but also because of its aggressive breeding strategy, which consists in laying eggs into nests of other birds.
Cuckoo search is one of the latest nature-inspired heuristic algorithms developed by Yang and Deb in 2009. It is based on the parasitism of some cuckoo species. This algorithm has been further improved by so-called Levy flights rather than simple isotropic random walk methods.
The main advantage of this method is its simplicity: cuckoo search requires only four understandable parameters, so tuning becomes a no-brainer.
Population optimization algorithms: Fish School Search (FSS)
Fish form schools in nature in several ways. As a rule, they prefer larger schools, consisting of individuals only of their own species.
The question of how schooling fish choose the direction in which to swim remains unresolved. This schooling behavior prompted many researchers to create not only a mathematical model, but also an algorithmic model for solving various optimization problems.
Population optimization algorithms: Firefly Algorithm (FA)
Nature has always been an inspiration for many metaheuristic algorithms. It managed to find solutions to problems without prompting, based on individual experience. Natural selection and survival of the fittest were the main motivation for the creation of early metaheuristic algorithms. In nature, animals communicate with each other in many ways. Fireflies use their ability to blink to communicate. There are about 2000 species of fireflies with their own special flash patterns.
There are two variants of population optimization algorithms inspired by the behavior of fireflies: the Firefly Algorithm and the Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithm. The main difference between firefly and glowworms is that the latter are wingless. In this article, we will consider the first type of the optimization algorithm.PR calculation for agents
Forum on trading, automated trading systems and testing trading strategies
Rating of PR agents
MetaQuotes , 2019.02.27 09:09
MQL5 Cloud Network statistics: https://cloud.mql5.com/ru/stats
The PR rating is fully correlated with the processor power, since we have calculation tasks:
Forum on trading, automated trading systems and testing trading strategies
cores disappeared after updating the tester.
Renat Fatkhullin, 2020.07.30 18:43
We upgrade the cloud network every day, changing ratings and adjusting to experts.
Now, instead of pure PR, a complex formula is used that takes into account:
This made it possible to drastically reduce the latency from the fact that some tasks fell to openly inhibitory agents that delayed all calculations.
Three cloud servers in the USA, Germany and Russia are currently distributing tasks, which has significantly reduced network latency and accelerated data delivery. Some experts require replication of hundreds of gigabytes, and more than a terabyte for those who excel.
-----------------
More related:
MetaTrader 5 Help → MQL5 Cloud Network → How to Participate - Restrictions of Participation on MQL5 Cloud Network