Copula: Gaussian, Student t, Clayton, Gumbel and Frank copulas with tail dependence - MetaTrader 5용 라이브러리

Copula.mqh measures how two series move together beyond their correlation, in particular on their worst and best days. It fits five bivariate copulas by maximum likelihood on the ranks of the data (Gaussian, Student t, Clayton, Gumbel and Frank), gives Kendall's tau, the tail dependence, the probability of a joint extreme day, the AIC to choose a family, the conditional probabilities used in copula pairs trading, and random draws. No DLL; the normal and t functions come from the standard library (Math\Stat).

Usage

#include <Copula\Copula.mqh>

double x[], y[];                     // returns of two symbols on the same bars
// ... fill x and y ...
double u[], v[];
CCopula::Ranks(x, u);                // pseudo-observations in (0, 1)
CCopula::Ranks(y, v);
CCopula c;
c.SetData(u, v);
if(c.Fit(COPULA_STUDENT))
  {
   double lower = c.LowerTail();      // limit of P(y crashes | x crashes)
   double joint = c.JointLower(0.05); // P(y in its worst 5% | x in its worst 5%)
   double aic   = c.AIC();
   double h     = c.H(u[ArraySize(u) - 1], v[ArraySize(v) - 1]);   // P(U <= u | V = v) for the last bar
  }

What is in it

• Families: Gaussian (no tail dependence), Student t (the same in both tails), Clayton (lower tail: crashes together), Gumbel (upper tail), Frank (none). The t copula is fitted by the profile likelihood in its degrees of freedom (2.1 to 100).
• Tau, LowerTail, UpperTail: Kendall's tau and tail dependence implied by the fitted copula; KendallTau of data (tau-b, with ties).
• Cdf, JointLower, JointUpper: C(u, v) (closed form for the Archimedean families, integrated for the elliptical ones) and the probability that one series is in its worst (best) q when the other one is.
• LogDensity, H (conditional distribution, the "mispricing index" of copula pairs trading), Sample (draws with a seed).

Example

The script CopulaReport.mq5 takes two symbols, fits the five copulas to their returns, ranks them by AIC and prints the tail dependence and the probability of a joint worst and best 5% day for each, next to what the data show, and the conditional probabilities of the last bar (picture 1). For gold and silver on D1 the Student t copula is the best; the Gaussian one, which has no tail dependence, puts the joint 5% days at 50% when the data show 67% (picture 2).

Checked

Against an independent scipy version on four simulated samples (Gaussian, Student t, Clayton and Gumbel dependence) and on gold and silver H4 returns, 25 fits:

• ranks and Kendall's tau identical to scipy; log densities and h functions within 1e-13;
• the maximum likelihood of every family equal to scipy's optimum (within 1e-6 of log-likelihood), parameters within 5e-7;
• C(u, v) within 1e-11 of scipy (Gaussian) and of the closed forms, within 2e-8 for the t copula (scipy's own t integration);
• the Kendall's tau of 10 000 draws within 0.02 of the fitted value.

Files

Copula.mqh goes to MQL5\Include\Copula, CopulaReport.mq5 to MQL5\Scripts\Copula.