A "pip" is a unit of measurement used to show changes in the rate of a pair. In the image below, a pip is the fourth decimal.
Pips are one of the ways by which traders calculate how much profit they made or lost on a trade. For example, if you enter a long position on GBP/USD at 1.6550 and it moves to 1.6600 by the time you close your position you have made a 50 pip profit.
If you enter a short position at 1.6550 and the price moves up to 1.6600 you lose 50 pips. Remember, short means you want the rate to go down. So, if you short at 1.6550 and price falls to 1.6500, you make 50 pips profit.
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