新人对MQL4和MQL5的任何问题，对算法和代码的帮助和讨论

Maxim Kuznetsov 2019.04.22 22:21 #8161

Seric29:

唯一要做的是增加许多小函数，这些函数将检查一个表达式的相等、减法、加法、不等式、乘法等等。

对于比较，你应该有一个类似CompareDoublesWithEpsilon(double d1,d2,epsilon)的函数 - 使用它。

PS/ 什么是 "检查减法、加法、乘法"，我不明白:-(

yiduwi 2019.04.22 22:55 #8162

我怎样才能从更高的时间框架上看到M1的开盘时间？

如果你想从低处看到高处的酒吧，那么

   int limit=rates_total-prev_calculated;
   if(limit>1)
     {
      limit=rates_total-2;
      ArrayInitialize(BufferUP,EMPTY_VALUE);
      ArrayInitialize(BufferDN,EMPTY_VALUE);
     }
   for(int i=limit; i>=0; i--)
     {
   int yy=  iBarShift(Symbol(),PERIOD_H1,time[i]);
     Print("iTime: ", iTime(Symbol(),PERIOD_H1,yy));
     }

Maxim Kuznetsov 2019.04.22 23:06 #8163

yiduwi:

我怎样才能从更高的时间框架上看到M1的开盘时间？

如果你想从低处看到高处的酒吧，那么

如果我没记错的话。

datetime time_h1=iTime(_Symbol,PERIOD_H1,1); // время открытия прошлого бара H1

int bar_m1=iBarShift(_Symbol,PERIOD_M1,time_h1); // соотв. ему бар периода M1

datetime time_m1=iTime(_Symbol,PERIOD_M1,bar_m1); // время его открытия

yiduwi 2019.04.22 23:51 #8164

Maxim Kuznetsov:

如果我理解正确，那么。

datetime time_h1=iTime(_Symbol,PERIOD_H1,1); // время открытия прошлого бара H1

int bar_m1=iBarShift(_Symbol,PERIOD_M1,time_h1); // соотв. ему бар периода M1

datetime time_m1=iTime(_Symbol,PERIOD_M1,bar_m1); // время его открытия

假设最后一根柱子H1的开盘时间是01:00:00，我们如何从01:01: 00开盘的柱子M1中获取时间到time_m1变量？

Maxim Kuznetsov 2019.04.23 00:16 #8165

yiduwi:

假设最后一个H1条在01:00:00开盘，我如何从01:01:00开盘的M1条中获得时间，进入time_m1变量？

time_m1_plus_1=time_h1 + 1 * PeriodSeconds(PERIOD_M1); //突然间 :-) 就在时间上增加1分钟=60秒。

但如果你冒着改变日/会/周或异国货币/指数/基金的风险，为了确定，使用iBarShift，iTime - 因为在体面的地方，酒吧是随着第一笔交易形成的（没有交易量就没有酒吧），但如果没有交易，"快速 "将是

yiduwi 2019.04.23 01:59 #8166

Maxim Kuznetsov:

time_m1_plus_1=time_h1 + 1 * PeriodSeconds(PERIOD_M1); //突然间 :-) 就在时间上增加1分钟=60秒。

现在，这很有价值--要知道指定的时间是在任何时间框架的一个条形内，你需要做以下工作

   for(int i=limit; i>=0; i--)
     {
      if(time[i]<=StringToTime("2019.04.23 01:01:00") && time[i]+Period()*PeriodSeconds(PERIOD_M1)>=StringToTime("2019.04.23 01:01:00")
        {
         BufferUP[i]=low[i]-10*Point;//
         }
        }

但如果时间是偶数，没有分钟"2019.04.23 01:00:00" ，那么箭头就在两个柱子上，在01:00:00的柱子上，在前一个00:00:00的柱子上，如何不多放一个？

kopeyka2 2019.04.23 06:23 #8167

一天中的所有部分和季节都很好））

火鸡写的。它可以工作，但会在专家部分持续写入错误。

尝试解决问题......到目前为止“哪一个到顶部”..）））

告诉我，pliz，我因缺乏经验而搞砸的地方......

我用红色突出显示代码中有问题的地方......或者绿色会更好！？）））

PS我原则上拒绝手柄选项，因为MT5上手柄的工作条件

如果代码有严重的错误，愿意支付一些工资。

但我想了解问题的本质！！！！

 //+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//|                                   Ind Sliding Line Level MT5.mq5 |
//|                        Copyright 2019, MetaQuotes Software Corp. |
//|                                             https://www.mql5.com |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
#property copyright "Copyright 2019, MetaQuotes Software Corp."
#property link        "https://www.mql5.com"
#property version    "1.00"
#property indicator_chart_window
#property indicator_buffers 1
#property indicator_plots    1
//+----------------------------------------------+
//|  Параметры отрисовки индикатора 1            |
//+----------------------------------------------+
#property indicator_type1    DRAW_LINE
#property indicator_color1    clrRed
#property indicator_width1    1    
//----
enum method
  {
   Simple= MODE_SMA ,
   Exponential= MODE_EMA ,
  };
//----
enum applied
  {
   CLOSE= PRICE_CLOSE ,
   OPEN= PRICE_OPEN ,
   HIGH= PRICE_HIGH ,
   LOW= PRICE_LOW
  };
//--- входные параметры
input int     InpMAPeriod = 10 ;                       // Период мультитаймфреймовой линии
input int     InpBars = 50 ;                           // Расчитать баров (Период линии х 5)
input int     InpMAShift = 0 ;                         // Сдвиг линии
//--- параметры для выбранного таймфрема
input string TimeBar = "2019.04.19 00:00" ;           //Дата начала отсчета
input bool DataBars = false ;                         //Считать по дате (true)
input int MAShift = 2 ;                               //Сдвиг бара таймфрема 
input ENUM_TIMEFRAMES Timeframes = PERIOD_D1 ;       //Таймфрейм скользящей
input method  MethodLine = Simple;                   //Метод  расчета скользящей
input applied AppliedPrice = CLOSE;                 //Расчет цены скользящей
input ENUM_LINE_STYLE MAStyle = STYLE_DASH ;         //Стиль всех скользящих линий
input color ColorLine = clrRed ;                     //Цвет скользящей и таймфрейма
input int maWidthAll = 0 ;                           //Толщина всех скользящих линий
input bool Ray = true ;                               //Сдвиг тренда вправо до шкалы
input bool LineTrend = true ;                         //Выбор Линия(true) Отрезок(false)
input bool HLines = false ;                       //Выключатель горизонтального уровня 
//----
int     i,period_ma,beginbar,nn,BigPeriod;
double ExtLineBuffer[],ArrayPrice[];
double SMA= 0.0 ,EMA= 0.0 ;
double bp,bp1,bp2,bp3;
datetime time_1,time_2;
string smaname= "" ,emaname= "" ;
string tooltipsma= "" ,tooltipema= "" ;
string type_ma= "" ,pr= "" ;
bool    sma= false ,ema= false ,ok;
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//|   simple moving average multytimeframes                          |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void CalculateSimpleMA( int rates_total, int prev_calculated, int begin, const double &price[])
  {
   int j,limit;
//--- first calculation or number of bars was changed
   if (prev_calculated== 0 ) // first calculation
     {
      limit=period_ma+begin;
       //--- set empty value for first limit bars
       for (j= 0 ;j<limit- 1 ;j++) ExtLineBuffer[j]= 0.0 ;
       //--- calculate first visible value
       double fvalue= 0 ;
       for (j=begin;j<limit;j++)
         fvalue+=price[j];
      fvalue/=period_ma;
      ExtLineBuffer[limit- 1 ]=fvalue;
     }
   else limit=prev_calculated- 1 ;
//--- main loop
   for (j=limit;j<rates_total && ! IsStopped ();j++)
      ExtLineBuffer[j]=ExtLineBuffer[j- 1 ]+(price[j]-price[j-period_ma])/period_ma;
//---
  }
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//|  exponential moving average multytimeframes                      |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void CalculateExponentialMA( int rates_total, int prev_calculated, int begin, const double &price[])
  {
   int     q,limit;
   double SmoothFactor= 2.0 /( 1.0 +period_ma);
//--- first calculation or number of bars was changed
   if (prev_calculated== 0 )
     {
      limit=period_ma+begin;
      ExtLineBuffer[begin]=price[begin];
   for (q=begin+ 1 ;q<limit;q++)
         ExtLineBuffer[q]=price[q]*SmoothFactor+ExtLineBuffer[q- 1 ]*( 1.0 -SmoothFactor);
     }
   else limit=prev_calculated- 1 ;
//--- main loop
   for (q=limit;q<rates_total && ! IsStopped ();q++)
      ExtLineBuffer[q]=price[q]*SmoothFactor+ExtLineBuffer[q- 1 ]*( 1.0 -SmoothFactor);
  }
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Custom indicator initialization function                         |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
int OnInit ()
  {
  period_ma= int (InpMAPeriod< 1 ? 1 : InpMAPeriod);
  smaname= "Ind SMA " + string (InpMAPeriod);
  emaname= "Ind EMA " + string (InpMAPeriod);
//---
   SetIndexBuffer ( 0 ,ExtLineBuffer, INDICATOR_DATA );
   switch (Timeframes)
     {
       case PERIOD_MN1 : BigPeriod= PERIOD_MN1 ; ok= true ;  pr= "MN1" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_W1 :  BigPeriod= PERIOD_MN1 ; ok= true ;  pr= "W1" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_D1 :  BigPeriod= PERIOD_W1 ;  ok= true ;  pr= "D1" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_H12 : BigPeriod= PERIOD_D1 ;  ok= true ;  pr= "H12" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_H8 :  BigPeriod= PERIOD_D1 ;  ok= true ;  pr= "H8" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_H4 :  BigPeriod= PERIOD_D1 ;  ok= true ;  pr= "H4" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_H3 :  BigPeriod= PERIOD_H4 ;  ok= true ;  pr= "H3" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_H2 :  BigPeriod= PERIOD_H4 ;  ok= true ;  pr= "H2" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_H1 :  BigPeriod= PERIOD_H4 ;  ok= true ;  pr= "H1" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_M30 : BigPeriod= PERIOD_H1 ;  ok= true ;  pr= "M30" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_M20 : BigPeriod= PERIOD_H1 ;  ok= true ;  pr= "M20" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_M15 : BigPeriod= PERIOD_M30 ; ok= true ;  pr= "M15" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_M12 : BigPeriod= PERIOD_M15 ; ok= true ;  pr= "M12" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_M10 : BigPeriod= PERIOD_M15 ; ok= true ;  pr= "M10" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_M6 :  BigPeriod= PERIOD_M15 ; ok= true ;  pr= "M6" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_M5 :  BigPeriod= PERIOD_M15 ; ok= true ;  pr= "M5" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_M4 :  BigPeriod= PERIOD_M15 ; ok= true ;  pr= "M4" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_M3 :  BigPeriod= PERIOD_M15 ; ok= true ;  pr= "M3" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_M2 :  BigPeriod= PERIOD_M15 ; ok= true ;  pr= "M2" ;   break ;
       case PERIOD_M1 :  BigPeriod= PERIOD_M15 ; ok= true ;  pr= "M1" ;   break ;
     }
   switch (MethodLine)
     {
       case Simple:       sma= true ;  type_ma= "SMA " ;   break ;
       case Exponential:  ema= true ;  type_ma= "EMA " ;   break ;
     }
//--- set accuracy
   IndicatorSetInteger ( INDICATOR_DIGITS , _Digits );
//--- sets first bar from what index will be drawn
   PlotIndexSetInteger ( 0 , PLOT_DRAW_BEGIN ,period_ma);
//---- line shifts when drawing
   PlotIndexSetInteger ( 0 , PLOT_SHIFT ,InpMAShift);
//---
   PlotIndexSetInteger ( 0 , PLOT_LINE_COLOR ,ColorLine);
//---
   IndicatorSetString ( INDICATOR_SHORTNAME ,type_ma+ " " + string (period_ma));
//---- sets drawing line empty value--
   PlotIndexSetDouble ( 0 , PLOT_EMPTY_VALUE , 0.0 );
//----
   ChartRedraw ( 0 );
//---- initialization done
   return ( INIT_SUCCEEDED );
  }
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Expert deinitialization function                                 | 
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void OnDeinit ( const int reason)
  {
   ObjectsDeleteAll ( 0 ,smaname);
   ObjectsDeleteAll ( 0 ,emaname);
   ObjectsDeleteAll ( 0 , "No Period " );
   Comment ( "" ); 
  }
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Custom indicator iteration function                              |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
int OnCalculate ( const int rates_total,
                 const int prev_calculated,
                 const int begin,
                 const double &price[])
  {
//--- минимальное количество баров
   if (rates_total<period_ma- 1 +begin)
   return ( 0 );
//--- Количество начальных баров без отрисовки и значений 
       PlotIndexSetInteger ( 0 , PLOT_DRAW_BEGIN ,period_ma- 1 +begin);
   if (prev_calculated== 0 )
     {
       ArrayInitialize (ExtLineBuffer, 0 );
       ArrayInitialize (ArrayPrice, 0 );
     }
//--- calculation
   switch (MethodLine)
     {
       case Simple:       CalculateSimpleMA(rates_total,prev_calculated,begin,price);       break ;
       case Exponential:  CalculateExponentialMA(rates_total,prev_calculated,begin,price);   break ;
     }
//считаем количество элементов буфера
int size= ArraySize (ExtLineBuffer);
         ArrayResize (ArrayPrice,size, 100000 );
//---- Расчет и построение горизонтального уровня выбранного таймфрейма
 if (DataBars== false )
    beginbar=MAShift;
 if (DataBars== true )
    beginbar= iBarShift ( _Symbol ,Timeframes, StringToTime (TimeBar));
    time_1= iTime ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,beginbar);
    time_2= iTime ( _Symbol ,Timeframes, 0 );

 if (HLines== true )
  {
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//|   Simple Moving Average                                          |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
 if (sma== true && ok== true && Period ()<=BigPeriod)   //SMA
   {
int   lim=period_ma+beginbar;
double firstValue= 0.0 ;
   for (i=beginbar;i<lim;i++)
   switch (AppliedPrice)
     {
       case 1 : firstValue+= iClose ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,i); break ;
       case 2 : firstValue+= iOpen ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,i);   break ;
       case 3 : firstValue+= iHigh ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,i);   break ;
       case 4 : firstValue+= iLow ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,i);   break ;
   default :  firstValue+= iClose ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,i); break ;
     }
      firstValue/=period_ma;
//-----
      SMA= NormalizeDouble (firstValue, _Digits );
   if (LineTrend== true )
      tooltipsma= "Line " +type_ma+ string (InpMAPeriod)+ "  " +pr+ "\n" + TimeToString ( iTime ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,beginbar), TIME_DATE | TIME_MINUTES )+ "\n" + DoubleToString (SMA, _Digits );
   else
      tooltipsma= "Trend " +type_ma+ string (InpMAPeriod)+ "  " +pr+ "\n" + TimeToString ( iTime ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,beginbar), TIME_DATE | TIME_MINUTES )+ "\n" + "Original Price: " + DoubleToString (SMA, _Digits );
   if (LineTrend== true )
      HLine( 0 ,smaname,tooltipsma,time_1,SMA,MAStyle,maWidthAll,ColorLine);
   else
      PlotTrend( 0 ,smaname,tooltipsma, 0 ,time_1,SMA,time_2,SMA,ColorLine,MAStyle,maWidthAll, true , false , false , true );
//----
   } //sma==true 
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//|   Exponential Moving Average                                       |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
 if (ema== true && ok== true && Period ()<=BigPeriod)   //EMA
   {
int p,lmt;
double    SmoothFactor= 2.0 /( 1.0 +period_ma);
   if (prev_calculated== 0 )
       lmt= 0 ;
   else 
       lmt=InpBars;
   for (p=lmt;p>=beginbar;p--)
     {
   switch (AppliedPrice)
     {
       case 1 : ArrayPrice[lmt]= iClose ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,lmt); break ;
       case 2 : ArrayPrice[lmt]= iOpen ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,lmt); break ;
       case 3 : ArrayPrice[lmt]= iHigh ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,lmt); break ;
       case 4 : ArrayPrice[lmt]= iLow ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,lmt); break ;
   default :  ArrayPrice[lmt]= iClose ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,lmt); break ;
     }
   switch (AppliedPrice)
     {
       case 1 : ArrayPrice[p]= iClose ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,p)*SmoothFactor+ArrayPrice[p+ 1 ]*( 1.0 -SmoothFactor); break ;
       case 2 : ArrayPrice[p]= iOpen ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,p)*SmoothFactor+ArrayPrice[p+ 1 ]*( 1.0 -SmoothFactor);   break ;
       case 3 : ArrayPrice[p]= iHigh ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,p)*SmoothFactor+ArrayPrice[p+ 1 ]*( 1.0 -SmoothFactor);   break ;
       case 4 : ArrayPrice[p]= iLow ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,p)*SmoothFactor+ArrayPrice[p+ 1 ]*( 1.0 -SmoothFactor);   break ;
   default :  ArrayPrice[p]= iClose ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,p)*SmoothFactor+ArrayPrice[p+ 1 ]*( 1.0 -SmoothFactor); break ;
     }
     } //for
/ /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
      EMA= NormalizeDouble (ArrayPrice[beginbar], _Digits );
   if (LineTrend== true )
      tooltipema= "Line " +type_ma+ string (InpMAPeriod)+ "  " +pr+ "\n" + TimeToString ( iTime ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,beginbar), TIME_DATE | TIME_MINUTES )+ "\n" + DoubleToString (EMA, _Digits );
   else
      tooltipema= "Trend " +type_ma+ string (InpMAPeriod)+ "  " +pr+ "\n" + TimeToString ( iTime ( _Symbol ,Timeframes,beginbar), TIME_DATE | TIME_MINUTES )+ "\n" + "Original Price: " + DoubleToString (EMA, _Digits );
   if (LineTrend== true )
      HLine( 0 ,smaname,tooltipema,time_1,EMA,MAStyle,maWidthAll,ColorLine);
   else
      PlotTrend( 0 ,smaname,tooltipema, 0 ,time_1,EMA,time_2,EMA,ColorLine,MAStyle,maWidthAll, true , false , false , true );
       ArrayFree (ArrayPrice);
//----
   }   //ema==true
   }   //if(HLines==true)
      
//--- return value of prev_calculated for next call
   return (rates_total);
  }
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Вывод горизонтальной линии на график                             |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
bool HLine( const long               chart_ID= 0 ,
           string                   name= "" ,
           string                   tooltip= "" ,
           datetime                 time= 0 ,
           double                   price= 0 ,
           int                      style= STYLE_SOLID ,
           int                      width= 1 ,
           color                    clr= clrBlack )
  {
//--- сбросим значение ошибки 
   ResetLastError (); 
//---
 if (! ObjectCreate (chart_ID,name, OBJ_HLINE , 0 , 0 ,price)) 
     { 
       Print ( __FUNCTION__ , ": не удалось создать горизонтальную линию! Код ошибки = " , GetLastError ()); 
   return ( false ); 
     }       
       ObjectSetInteger (chart_ID,name, OBJPROP_STYLE , style);
       ObjectSetInteger (chart_ID,name, OBJPROP_WIDTH , width);
       ObjectSetInteger (chart_ID,name, OBJPROP_COLOR , clr);
//--- скроем (true) или отобразим (false) имя графического объекта в списке объектов 
       ObjectSetInteger (chart_ID,name, OBJPROP_HIDDEN , true ); 
       ObjectSetString (chart_ID,name, OBJPROP_TOOLTIP ,tooltip);
//----
   return ( true );
  }
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//|  Построение трендовой линии на графике                           |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
bool PlotTrend( const long               chart_ID= 0 ,
               string                   name= "" ,
               string                   tooltip= "" ,
               const int                subwindow= 0 ,
               datetime                 time1= 0 ,
               double                   price1= 0 ,
               datetime                 time2= 0 ,
               double                   price2= 0 ,
               const color              clr= clrBlack ,
               const ENUM_LINE_STYLE    style= STYLE_SOLID ,
               const int                width= 2 ,
               const bool               back= true ,
               const bool               selection= false ,
               const bool               ray= false ,
               const bool               hidden= true )
  {
//----
   ResetLastError ();
 if ( ObjectFind (chart_ID,name)!=subwindow)
   {
 if (! ObjectCreate (chart_ID,name, OBJ_TREND ,subwindow,time1,price1,time2,price2))
   {
   Print ( __FUNCTION__ , ": не удалось создать трендовую линию! Код ошибки = " , GetLastError ()); 
   return ( false );
   }
   }
 else
   {
   ObjectMove (chart_ID,name, 0 ,time1,price1);
   ObjectMove (chart_ID,name, 1 ,time2,price2);
   }
   ObjectSetInteger (chart_ID,name, OBJPROP_COLOR ,clr);
   ObjectSetInteger (chart_ID,name, OBJPROP_STYLE ,style);
   ObjectSetInteger (chart_ID,name, OBJPROP_WIDTH ,width);
   ObjectSetInteger (chart_ID,name, OBJPROP_BACK ,back);
   ObjectSetInteger (chart_ID,name, OBJPROP_SELECTABLE ,selection);
   ObjectSetInteger (chart_ID,name, OBJPROP_SELECTED ,selection);
   ObjectSetInteger (chart_ID,name, OBJPROP_RAY ,ray);
   ObjectSetInteger (chart_ID,name, OBJPROP_HIDDEN ,hidden);
   ObjectSetString (chart_ID,name, OBJPROP_TOOLTIP ,tooltip);
//----
   return ( true );
  }
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+

Igor Zakharov 2019.04.23 06:50 #8168

kopeyka2:

写了一篇独立的文章。可以工作，但在专家部分持续写出错误。

我的日志是干净的，任意切换了模式（EMA也测试过）。给出一个可能出现错误的设置的变体。

我在想，它怎么可能同时工作和出错。

Maxim Kuznetsov 2019.04.23 07:20 #8169

yiduwi:

这很有价值，需要的是）要知道给定的时间是在任何时间框架的条形内，你需要做以下工作

但如果时间是偶数，没有分钟"2019.04.23 01:00:00" ，那么箭头就在两个柱子上，在01:00:00的柱子上，在前一个00:00:00的柱子上，如何不多放一个？

if (time[i]>=time_m1 && time[i]<time_m1+PeriodSeconds(PERIOD_M1) {

// время time[i] попало внутрь бара открытого в time_m1

}

kopeyka2 2019.04.23 08:01 #8170

Igor Zakharov:

我有一个干净的日志，任意切换了模式（EMA也测试过）。给出可能出现错误的设置选项。

有趣的是，它可以在工作的同时产生一个错误。

EMA线20 23.04.2019 00:00

当打开MT5时，在没有在线连接的情况下，立即出现 "array out.... "的信息。

误差不同，但总是存在。可以在网上复制，但更多地是在MT开机时出现。

这就是 "百慕大平行四边形 "的神秘之处

新人对MQL4和MQL5的任何问题，对算法和代码的帮助和讨论 - 页 817